The Truth About Intelligence Testing “The whole area of intellectual functioning is one which we are not very good at understanding, let alone measuring.  We cannot see or otherwise demonstrate the presence of a problem—all we can see is certain behaviors in the child which we assume to come from various sources, possibly chemical, possibly neurological, possibly emotional, but which neither medical science nor education is able to prove or even clearly define.  These assumptions are conjectures—observing certain behaviors, we suggest a possible cause which would link them, but we cannot prove these conjectures and certainly have no really reliable tests of them.”    Dr. Doris Johnson, Dr. Lyndel, Dr. Laura Jordan, Howard Atlas, and Dr Cindy Terry, LD or Not?, Illinois State Board of Education Pamphlet, July 1984.